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8 800.852.2435 Students using manipulatives are engaged in problem- solving situations every day as they explore and discover the essential underpinnings of mathematical concepts. Students use 3 important strategies to explore and discover the essential meanings of the 4 basic operations. 11 ©MathTeachersPress,Inc.,Reproductionbyanymeansisstrictlyprohibited. Meaning of Addition You can write a number sentence to help solve a problem. Both sides of the equation must be equal for the sentence to be true. The Art Club is making beads with clay. They have 3 red blocks of clay and 2 yellow blocks of clay. How many blocks of clay do they have? The answer in addition is called the sum . 6. Which expression has a sum of 12? _________ A 8 + 4 C 8 4 B 8 – 4 D 8 ÷ 4 7. Which expression does not have a sum of 12? _________ A 5 + 7 C 8+ 4 B 6 + 7 D 6 + 6 Find the number that makes the number sentence true. 1. 6 + 5 = 2. 4 + 9 = 3. 4 + = 12 4. The sum of 5 and 2 is . ___________________ = _______ = _______ 5. The sum of 6 and is 13. ___________________ = _______ = _______ Write a number sentence for the words. Solve. Solve. Number sentence: 3 + 2 = = ____ ? sum 8. The clubhas9 jarsof red paint and 8 jars of bluepaint.How many jarswere there inall? __________ 9. Samhad7artpencils and 5 erasers.Howmany suppliesdid hehave in all? __________ Thenumbersmustbeput together.Thisisanadditionproblem. Wecanwriteanumbersentence anddrawasquaretorepresentthe unknownnumber. Youcanusea balancescaleas apictureofan equation. ? R R R Y Y 8 31 1 1 5 5 + 2 6 + 13 7 7 B A 17 jars 12 supplies 11 Objective 14: To act out addition problems. To develop understanding of addition as combining or putting things together. To draw pictures and write number sentences. To assess mastery of 100 basic addition facts. Materials: Addition Facts (Master 7), interlocking cubes Vocabulary: addition, plus sign (+), sum Acting out an Addition Problem Today we will lea erent strategies we can use to decide how to solve word problems. Acting out a problem is one of the best ways to understand the meaning of the operation addition. Name two students and ask them to stand at the window. Name three students and ask them to stand by the door. Ask the students to come together at the desk. How many students are at the desk? (5) Ask a volunteer to describe the action. (Two students stood at the window, three students stood by the door students came together at the desk and there were ve of them.) What is the action in this problem? (putting things together, joining, combining) Problems that combine or put things together are called addition problems. We use a special sign, the plus sign, to show the operation of addition. We can use a box to represent the unknown answer. Write on the board: 2 + 3 = and = 5 answer in an addition problem is called the sum. Drawing a Picture Drawing a picture is another problem-solving strategy. Ask students to draw a picture of the problem. In the rst problem, stick gures may be drawn with a line between the beginning of the problem and the end. When you see a problem like this, think about the problems we acted out so you will understand what addition means. Using a Model A third strategy is to use a model. Use 2 cubes of one color and 3 cubes of another color to demonstrate the joining of 2 and 3. + What strategy can we use to decide how to solve a word problem? Refer to Steps and Strategies on page 96 of your student book. Read the information together at the top of the page. Use cubes to work through the solution. Work problems 1, 4, and 6 with the class. Have students complete the page on their own. Review of Basic Facts Copies of Master 7 may be used to assess student mastery of the 100 basic addition facts. If the test is to be timed, allow 5 minutes. Repeat the test periodically, showing student gains on a line chart. Making up Stories Have students create their own addition word problems for simple number sentences you write on the board, e.g., 5 + 2 = 7. Make up a word problem about this sentence. Write the story on the board as it is told. Draw a picture of the problem written on the board. Keep the word problems for a class le. Skill Builders 10-8, 14-1 Lesson 4, 3E Teacher Manual 3.NBT.2 Problem-Solving Success Lesson from Teacher Manual Problem-Solving Strategies 1. Act it out. 2. Use a model. 3. Draw a picture. 4. Make a table. 5. Guess and check. 6. Write a number sentence.